The purpose of this data collection is to monitor behaviors related to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection among persons at high risk for infection in the United States. Surveillance of behaviors that are risk factors for infection or disease is an important public health activity. Behavioral data provide a way to monitor short-term changes in epidemics without having to wait for changes in disease outcomes. With conditions such as HIV infection, exposure and manifestation of the infection may be years apart. By measuring risk behaviors that are more proximate to the time of HIV infection, it is possible to identify and respond to trends in behaviors that anticipate trends in acquisition and transmission of HIV infection, which in turn would only be reflected years later in HIV/AIDS case report data. The primary objectives of the proposed system are to obtain data from samples of persons at risk to A. describe the prevalence and trends in risk behaviors, B. describe the prevalence of and trends in HIV testing and HIV infection, C. describe the prevalence of and trends in use of HIV prevention services, D. identify met and unmet needs for HIV prevention services. This project addresses the goals of the CDC HIV Prevention Strategic Plan, specifically the goal of strengthening the national capacity to monitor the HIV epidemic to better direct and evaluate prevention efforts. NHBS will be initiated to help state and local public health departments establish and maintain a surveillance system to monitor selected behaviors and access to prevention services among groups at highest risk for HIV infection. Findings from NHBS will be used to enhance understanding of risk and testing behaviors, and to develop and evaluate HIV prevention programs that provide services to persons at risk for infection. Data from NHBS also can be used to monitor progress towards other objectives of the Strategic Plan. In-person interviews will be conducted in 25 Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) throughout the United States. Persons at risk for infection to be interviewed for NHBS include men who have sex with men (MSM), injecting drug users (IDU), and heterosexuals living in census tracts that have high HIV/AIDS prevalence (HET). Potential respondents will complete a screener that will assess eligibility requirements of residence in the MSA, age, behavior, previous participation, and language (English or Spanish). NHBS activities will be implemented in multiple cycles. During the first cycle of data collection, surveillance activities focus on MSM. The focus of the second cycle is on IDU. The third will focus on HET. The long-term plan for NHBS is that these cycles will be repeated over time such that data are collected from each risk group every three years. These groups were chosen as the focus for NHBS based on HIV/AIDS case report data. In 2003, 45 percent of all diagnosed adult and adolescent HIV/AIDS cases reported by the 33 areas with confidential name-based HIV infection surveillance were attributed to male-to-male sexual contact, 15 percent to injection drug use, and 4 percent to male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use, and 24 percent to heterosexual contact.
US Code:
42 USC 301
Name of Law: Public Health Service Act
US Code:
42 USC 306
Name of Law: Public Health Service Act
On behalf of this Federal agency, I certify that the collection of information encompassed by this request complies with 5 CFR 1320.9 and the related provisions of 5 CFR 1320.8(b)(3).
The following is a summary of the topics, regarding the proposed collection of information, that the certification covers:
(i) Why the information is being collected;
(ii) Use of information;
(iii) Burden estimate;
(iv) Nature of response (voluntary, required for a benefit, or mandatory);
(v) Nature and extent of confidentiality; and
(vi) Need to display currently valid OMB control number;
If you are unable to certify compliance with any of these provisions, identify the item by leaving the box unchecked and explain the reason in the Supporting Statement.